di Massimo Livi Bacci*
Fonte: http://www.neodemos.it/
Tra l'inizio dell'anno e il 3 di marzo, oltre 6000 persone sono sbarcate a Lampedusa e sulle coste italiane, quasi tutti provenienti dalla Tunisia e quasi tutti Tunisini. Si tratta nella stragrande maggioranza di giovani sotto i 35 anni, tra i quali pochissime sono le donne e i bambini, hanno un discreto grado d'istruzione, e aspirano a restare in Europa, nei paesi della diaspora Tunisina - Francia, Belgio, Germania, Italia. Sono, insomma, migranti (irregolari) in cerca di lavoro. Dalla metà febbraio, when the uprising began, began the exodus of migrants from Libya: it is mostly Egyptian and Tunisian workers present in large numbers in Libya, but also Chinese, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Filipino mostly with regular passport of other sub-Saharan African countries and then, in smaller numbers, to be citizens of the rich world, including the 1500 Italian. It is a continuum: from the most desperate conditions (that of Africans threatened because they are considered mercenaries of the regime) to the grave of migrants robbed of their possessions that are crowded in camps in Tunisia, to that of the Europeans in terms of relative safety. But all have fled the danger, loss of job, the uncertainty.
Migrants from Tunisia
Landings from Tunisia, after a break are covered even less frequently, are not (yet) associated with refugees from Libya that pile up in Tunisian territory near the Libyan border (UNHCR assesses the 100,000 number ...). The international community is moving, because the living conditions of the camps deteriorated rapidly. While waiting to start a process, necessarily long, resettlement, refugees must eat, sleep and wash. Italy is planning a massive intervention of humanitarian relief, as well as France. It could have been avoided, in official statements to justify the intervention with the opportunity to prevent further crossings of refugees, focusing on the core business of these operations is only one: alleviate suffering.
As for the Tunisians arrived in Italy, their migration is prior to the events in Libya: it is - as said - of young people from south of the country, looking for budget accommodation in Europe. Their starting point is to put into account the absence of controls for boarding that the Tunisian authorities have not exercised as a result of internal revolt and that until a few days ago had not been taken. The first emergency after some initial uncertainty, has been properly handled: arrivals in Lampedusa have been sorted from other shelters, under the semi-freedom has been given over to the identifications and procedures are launched for those who have applied for asylum (but are a small proportion) or international protection. Understand that the government does not want to carry out massive return (after all the agreements with Tunisia, place limits on the number of daily returns) and to wait for the situation in Tunisia has been normalized.
This phenomenon can be well managed. For now.
On the fate of the 6000 Tunisian arrived so far, and those who had yet to arrive (if it were a few thousand more and no redundancy of other orders of magnitude) can make the following considerations.
1) is not excluded that some of the visitors centers be turned away while trying to reach their contacts in Italy and, especially, in France in the confused mass of irregular "free" in Europe;
2) At another level, too small, will be entitled to asylum or protection.
3) For others, it will set in motion the mechanisms of extrusion-release to Tunisia, taking into account the evolving the situation in that country.
4) The Government, which did not accept the European directive on returns, it has complicated life with his own hands. The introduction of the crime of illegal immigration does not make use of the institution of "voluntary repatriation" under the European directive, which would be good ground for the application of these young people, whose migration was facilitated by the political crisis. The return could be supported by some monetary incentive: it takes into account that a shortening of hospitality centers in a few weeks or months is a big savings, which would compensate for the outlay. The Government, however, is still time to repent.
5) The Government may also consider a mechanism by which these people "employable" in Italy can be included in the quota of places that the 4000 decree on the 2011 reserve flows to Tunisia.
And Libya?
Meanwhile, the Treaty of Friendship between Italy and Libya is suspended waiting to see the future of the country. The "joint patrols" of Libyan waters is broken, the staff that accompanied Italian Libyans operations is headquartered in the embassy, \u200b\u200bthe patrol boats anchored in the harbor. Surprisingly, no boat from Libya is still on the horizon appeared. Yet everyone expects that the crossings will resume. The number of those who might risk their migration is high among illegal immigrants (who are one million, perhaps half a million) who live in the country. Not among the Libyans who have a very high average income, and about five times the average of other North African countries. And practically absent from the North African diaspora migration. Do not forget, among other things, that Libya, with 6.5 million inhabitants, is a small country, compared with 180 million people who live from Egypt to Morocco.
Resumption of crossings of refugees, and their intensity will depend primarily on the length and violence of the clashes and the relationship between irregular Africans in Libya and who will present the power holders. But it will also depend on the country's ability to resume normal economic activity that is based - as in all Arab oil producers - on the immigrant workforce. And finally, the transport logistics. The government has said, for now half-heartedly, that in view of possible new waves of refugees, there will be no rejections in the sea. We would like to announce it loud and clear, because in contrast to Tunisia, it will be mostly of people who will be entitled to some form of
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